A promising direction for the replacement of expanded bone defects is the development of bioimplants based on synthetic biocompatible materials impregnated with growth factors that stimulate bone remodeling. Novel?biomimetic?highly porous ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/40% hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold for?reconstructive?surgery?with the porosity of 85?±?1% vol. and a diameter of pores in the range of 50-800?μm was developed. The manufacturing process allowed the formation of trabecular-like architecture without additional solvents and thermo-oxidative degradation.?Biomimetic?UHMWPE/HAscaffold was biocompatible and provided effective tissue ingrowth on a model of critical-sized cranial defects in mice. The combined use of?UHMWPE/HA?with Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) demonstrated intensive mineralized bone formation as early as 3?weeks after?surgery. The addition of?erythropoietin?(EPO) significantly enhanced angiogenesis in newly formed tissues. The effect of EPO of bacterial origin on bone tissue defect healing was demonstrated for the first time. The developed?biomimetic?highly porous?UHMWPE/HA?scaffold can be used separately or in combination with?rhBMP-2?and EPO for?reconstructive?surgery?to solve the problems associated with difference between implant architecture and trabecular bone, low osteointegration and bioinertness.